Comparing 3D-printed and thermoformed retainers for orthodontic stability

Post-Treatment Stability, Changes in Mechanical Properties and Patients' OHRQoL Of Direct 3D-Printed Retainers Versus Thermoformed Retainers: An Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial

Not applicable Interventional University of Malaya · NCT05968625

This study is testing whether 3D-printed retainers or traditional thermoformed retainers do a better job of keeping teeth stable after orthodontic treatment and how they affect patients' quality of life over six months.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment30 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorUniversity of Malaya Academic / other
Locations1 site (Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan)
Trial IDNCT05968625 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of 3D-printed retainers and conventional thermoformed retainers in maintaining post-treatment stability of teeth after orthodontic treatment. It will assess the changes in mechanical properties and thickness of the retainers over a six-month retention period. Additionally, the study will evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients using both types of retainers at three different time points: baseline, three months, and six months post-treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either type of retainer after completing their orthodontic treatment.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are individuals who have completed fixed orthodontic treatment and are ready for the retention phase.

Not a fit: Patients with single-arch appliances, hypodontia, or those requiring fixed retainers may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide insights into which type of retainer offers better stability and quality of life for orthodontic patients.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies have shown varying results in the effectiveness of different types of retainers, but this specific comparison of 3D-printed versus thermoformed retainers is novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Fixed appliance treatment in both arches and indicated for VFR in the retention phase as part of their original treatment plan.
* No intention to relocate within the study period; able to attend the three-monthly review appointments for half a year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Single-arch or sectional fixed appliances.
* Space dentition.
* Hypodontia requiring tooth replacement on the retainer as a temporary measure.
* Previous treatment with maxillary expansion.
* Indicated for fixed retainer or double retention regime (such as VFRs fitted over fixed retainers).
* Premature debond from the original fixed appliances course.
* Cleft lip and/or palate; or orthognathic cases.
* Learning difficulties and inability to read written instructions/ questionnaire in English or Malay

Where this trial is running

Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Orthodontic RetentionThermoformed retainers3D-printed retainersvacuum-formed retainersPost-treatment stabilityOrthodontics
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.