Cemiplimab treatment for high-risk skin cancer before surgery

Evaluating the PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor, Cemiplimab, as Neoadjuvant Therapy in High Risk Localized, Locally Recurrent, and Regionally Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase II Pilot Study

This study is testing if the drug cemiplimab can help shrink high-risk skin cancer before surgery in patients with certain types of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Quick facts

• Phase: PHASE2
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 34 (estimated)
• Ages: 18 Years and up
• Sex: All
• Sponsor: University of Southern California (other)
• Drugs / interventions: cemiplimab, chemotherapy, radiation, prednisone, Immunotherapy
• Locations: 5 sites (Los Angeles, California and 4 other locations)
• Trial ID: NCT04315701 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This phase II trial evaluates the effectiveness of cemiplimab, a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, as a neoadjuvant therapy for patients with high-risk localized, locally recurrent, or regionally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) that is resectable. The study aims to assess the pathological partial response rate and other response metrics after treatment with cemiplimab, followed by surgical resection of the tumors. Patients will receive cemiplimab intravenously every 21 days for up to four cycles, with follow-up assessments conducted every three months for two years post-treatment.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates include individuals with histologically confirmed, potentially resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma that is high-risk localized, locally recurrent, or regionally advanced.

Not a fit: Patients with unresectable tumors or those with non-squamous cell carcinoma types may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this treatment could improve surgical outcomes and overall survival rates for patients with high-risk skin cancer.

How similar studies have performed: Other studies using PD-1 inhibitors for skin cancer have shown promising results, indicating a potential for success with this approach.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically confirmed, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
* Patients must have disease that is deemed potentially resectable, at the time of the start of study, by the treating investigator. The decision to perform surgery on patients must be based on good clinical judgment. Eligible patients for surgical resection must have disease that, in the judgment of the surgeon, is deemed potentially resectable, resulting in free surgical margins
* Patients must have measurable disease
* Patients must have disease that is considered either: (1) high-risk localized CSCC, (2) locally recurrent CSCC, or (3) regionally advanced CSCC. The criteria specific to each of these populations is listed below

  * For patients with high-risk localized CSCC, at least two of the following clinical or pathologic high-risk features must be present to be eligible:

    * Clinical risk factors

      * Any tumor size \> 2.0 cm in diameter
      * Tumors \> 1.0 cm in high risk locations, including "mask areas" (central face, eyelids, eyebrow, nose, lips \[cutaneous\], periorbital, chin, mandible, preauricular and postauricular skin/sulci, genitalia, hands, feet, cheek, forehead, scalp, neck and pretibial)
      * Any rapidly growing and/or symptomatic tumor
    * Pathologic risk factors

      * Poorly differentiated histology
      * Depth \> 6 mm in thickness
      * Acantholytic / adenoid, adenosquamous, desmoplastic, or metaplastic / carcinosarcomatous histologic subtypes
      * Invasion beyond subcutaneous fat
      * Perineural, lymphatic, or vascular involvement
  * Patients with locally recurrent CSCC, that failed prior surgery, radiation or systemic therapy, are eligible, as long as they have measurable disease and are deemed potentially resectable by the treating investigator
  * Patients with regionally advanced CSCC, including in-transit, cutaneous, subcutaneous or lymph node metastases are eligible, as long as they have measurable disease and are deemed potentially resectable by the treating investigator
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,000 /mcL
* Absolute lymphocyte count \>= 500 / mcL
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL
* Platelets \>= 75,000/mcl
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SPGT\]) =\< 3 x institutional upper limit of normal
* Creatinine =\< 1.8 mg/dl
* Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and for 90 days following completion of therapy. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria:

  * Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
  * Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months)
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent and comply with surgical resection at end of study and other study-related procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

* Metastatic disease that is unresectable. Patients with visceral metastases are not eligible. Regionally advanced disease, including in-transit, cutaneous, subcutaneous, or nodal metastases are allowed, if deemed potentially resectable by the investigator
* Prior treatment with cemiplimab or any other agent that blocks the PD-1 or PD-L1 pathway
* Prior treatment with other immune modulating agents within fewer than 4 weeks, prior to the first dose of cemiplimab. Examples of immune modulating agents include blockers of CTLA-4, 4-1BB, OX-40, therapeutic vaccines, or cytokine therapies
* Patients must not be receiving other concomitant biologic therapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, other anti-cancer therapy or any other investigational agents while on this protocol
* Radiation therapy, non-cytotoxic agents or investigational agents in the 4 weeks prior to registration
* Immunosuppressive systemic corticosteroids equivalent to prednisone 10 mg or greater in the 14 days prior to the first dose of cemiplimab
* Any major surgery within 14 days prior to the first dose of cemiplimab. Patients must have recovered from any major complications before registration
* Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. use of disease modifying agents or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g. thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc) is not considered a form of systemic treatment
* History of other prior malignancy in the last five years, with the exception of: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancers (including multiple primary skin cancers), adequately treated in situ cancer, and other local tumors considered cured by local treatment (including melanoma)
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to cemiplimab or any other PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor
* Uncontrolled, intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness / social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
* Positive pregnancy test, active pregnancy or nursing / breast-feeding, due to the potential for congenital abnormalities and the potential of this regimen to harm nursing infants
* History solid organ or bone marrow transplantation

Where this trial is running

Los Angeles, California and 4 other locations

• Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center — Los Angeles, California, United States (RECRUITING)
• USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center — Los Angeles, California, United States (RECRUITING)
• Hoag Memorial Hospital — Newport Beach, California, United States (RECRUITING)
• Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine — Chicago, Illinois, United States (RECRUITING)
• University of Nebraska — Omaha, Nebraska, United States (RECRUITING)

Study contacts

• Principal investigator: Gino K In, MD — University of Southern California
• Study coordinator: Charlean Ketchens, RN

Conditions: Recurrent Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Resectable Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Stage I Skin Cancer, Stage II Skin Cancer, Stage III Skin Cancer