CAR T-cell therapy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients who have not responded to multiple treatments

A Clinical Study Evaluating the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Universal Allogeneic CAR T-cell Therapy Targeting CD19 and BCMA in Patients with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Have Failed ≥ 3 Lines of Therapy

This study is testing a new CAR T-cell therapy to see if it can help people with autoimmune hemolytic anemia who haven't improved with other treatments.

Quick facts

• Phase: Phase 1
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 15 (estimated)
• Ages: 18 Years and up
• Sex: All
• Sponsor: Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China (Academic / other)
• Drugs / interventions: rituximab, daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, CAR T
• Locations: 1 site (Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality)
• Trial ID: NCT06733610 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This trial evaluates the safety and efficacy of universal allogeneic anti-CD19/BCMA CAR T-cells in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) who have failed at least three lines of therapy. Participants will receive a single infusion of CAR T-cells after undergoing a lymphodepleting regimen with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. The study aims to assess the treatment's effectiveness and safety through an interim analysis conducted 12 weeks post-infusion.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults aged 18 and older with AIHA who have not responded to at least three previous treatment lines.

Not a fit: Patients who have not been diagnosed with AIHA or those who have not failed multiple lines of therapy may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this therapy could provide a new treatment option for patients with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

How similar studies have performed: While CAR T-cell therapy has shown promise in other hematological conditions, this specific application in AIHA is novel and has not been extensively tested.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years
* Flow cytometry detected positive B cell CD19 or BCMA in the patient's peripheral blood.
* Patients diagnosed with AIHA, including warm antibody type, cold agglutinin disease, mixed type, and other types of AIHA, with diagnostic criteria referring to the "Chinese Adult Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines (2023 Edition)"
* The definition of recurrent/refractory AIHA that has received at least 3 failed lines of treatment is symptomatic anemia (hemoglobin\<100g/L) that persists after a routine treatment cycle of at least 6 months and is still ineffective or reappears after disease remission. The definition of conventional treatment: treatment with glucocorticoids and/or rituximab, as well as any 1-2 or more of the following immunomodulatory drugs: cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine A, azathioprine, danazol, bendamustine, fludarabine, bortezomib, and biologics including daratumumab, BTK inhibitors, Syk inhibitors, and complement inhibitors.
* ECOG ≤ 2
* Functional requirements for major organs are as follows:

  1. . The bone marrow function needs to meet: a Neutrophil count ≥ 1.0 × 10 \^ 9/L; b. Platelets ≥ 30 × 10 \^ 9/L.
  2. Liver function: ALT ≤ 3 × UL; AST ≤ 3×ULN； Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 × ULN (excluding Gilbert syndrome, total bilirubin ≤ 3.0 × ULN).
  3. Renal function: creatinine clearance rate (CrCl) ≥ 30 ml/min (Cockcroft/Gault formula, excluding acute CrCl decline caused by the disease itself).
* Female subjects of childbearing potential and male subjects with partners of childbearing potential must use medically approved contraception or abstinence during the study treatment period and for at least 6 months after the end of the study treatment; Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test within 7 days before study enrollment and not be lactating.
* Willing to participate in this clinical study, sign an informed consent form, have good compliance, and cooperate with follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with a history of severe drug allergies or allergic tendencies.
* Presence or suspicion of uncontrolled or treatment-required fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infections.
* Subjects with central nervous system diseases caused by autoimmune diseases or non-autoimmune diseases (including epilepsy, psychosis, organic brain syndrome, cerebral vascular accidents, encephalitis, central nervous system vasculitis).
* Subjects with insufficient cardiac function
* Subjects with congenital immunoglobulin deficiencies
* History of malignancy within five years
* Subjects with end-stage renal failure
* Subjects who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) with peripheral blood HBV DNA \>ULN; subjects positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and peripheral blood HCV RNA; individuals positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody; individuals positive for syphilis testing
* Subjects with psychiatric disorders and severe cognitive impairments
* Subjects who have used immunosuppressive agents or biologics with therapeutic effects on the disease within five half-life before enrollment
* Pregnant women or women planning to conceive
* Active infection, active rheumatic and immune disease, drug induced and diagnosed lymphoproliferative tumor associated secondary AIHA patients
* Subjects that the investigator believes have other reasons that make them unsuitable for inclusion in this study.

Where this trial is running

Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality

• Regenerative Medicine Center and Red Blood Cell Disorders Center — Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality, China (Recruiting)

Study contacts

• Study coordinator: Jun Shi, PhD

Conditions Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia; CD19/BCMA CAR T-cells; Universal Allogeneic CAR T-cells