Assessing VNS Therapy for Difficult to Treat Depression

A Global PRospective, Multi-cEnter, ObServational Post-markeT Study tO Assess shoRt, Mid and Long-term Effectiveness and Efficiency of VNS Therapy® as Adjunctive Therapy in reaL-world patIents With diFficult to Treat dEpression.

Observational LivaNova · NCT03320304

This study is testing if Vagus Nerve Stimulation therapy can help people with hard-to-treat depression feel better when other treatments haven't worked.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Enrollment500 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorLivaNova Industry-sponsored
Locations18 sites (Vienna and 17 other locations)
Trial IDNCT03320304 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Therapy in patients suffering from difficult to treat depression, specifically those with treatment resistant depression. It involves a real-world patient population diagnosed with chronic or recurrent major depressive episodes who have not responded adequately to standard treatments. A minimum of 500 patients will be implanted with a VNS Therapy System, and their clinical outcomes will be monitored over a follow-up period of 36 to 60 months. The study aims to gather data on short, mid, and long-term effects of this therapy as an adjunctive treatment.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults aged 18 and older with chronic or recurrent major depressive episodes that have not responded to multiple antidepressant treatments.

Not a fit: Patients who have not been diagnosed with treatment resistant depression or those who have not tried adequate antidepressant treatments may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide a new treatment option for patients with difficult to treat depression, potentially improving their quality of life.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies on VNS Therapy have shown promising results in treating depression, indicating that this approach has potential based on existing evidence.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Be at least 18 years of age.
* Have a documented primary diagnosis of chronic (\>2 years) or recurrent (2 or more prior episodes) major depressive episode that has not adequately responded to an adequate number of antidepressant treatments, as per local medical standards. This diagnosis must be confirmed using the MINI.
* Provide written Ethics Committee (EC) or Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved informed consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, US only) authorization (as applicable according to local requirements).
* Currently is receiving at least one antidepressant treatment (i.e., antidepressant drug, maintenance electroconvulsive therapy, or formal psychotherapy including supportive psychotherapy) or mood stabilizing treatment for bipolar patients (such as lithium, anticonvulsants, or atypical antipsychotics).
* Able and willing to comply with the frequency of (outpatient) clinic visits and to reliably complete all the evaluations as specified in the study protocol.Hence based on the nature of their disease, the following patients should not be included: patients with mental retardation, current severe or significant substance/alcohol abuse, diagnosis of one or more schizophrenia-spectrum or other psychotic disorders, diagnosis of borderline or severe personality disorder as determined by clinical judgment which, in the investigator's opinion, would significantly interfere with subject's participation in the study)

Exclusion Criteria:

There are no exclusion criteria; the investigator should refer to the (local applicable) VNS Therapy Physician's Manual.

Where this trial is running

Vienna and 17 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Treatment Resistant DepressionDifficult to Treat DepressionTRDVNS TherapyVagus Nerve StimulationVNS
Last reviewed 2026-06-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.