Why the same gene change can cause different facial birth defects in children

The role of continuous phenotypic variation in structural defects of the face

NIH-funded research University of California, San Francisco · NIH-11459861

Researchers are learning how small differences in gene activity can make children with the same genetic change have very different facial birth defects.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of California, San Francisco NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (San Francisco, United States)
Project IDNIH-11459861 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

We're studying how genetic changes translate into a range of facial birth defects by following the steps from gene activity to facial development. Using mouse models with different versions of a key gene (FGF8), the team measures gene expression, downstream signaling, and resulting facial structure. They pay special attention to thresholds where small drops in gene activity suddenly cause large shifts in appearance and variability. The work aims to connect specific genetic changes to the variety of outcomes families see so that diagnoses and predictions can improve.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Children with congenital craniofacial differences or families with known mutations that affect facial development (for example involving FGF8) would be most relevant for this research.

Not a fit: People whose facial differences are clearly due to non-genetic environmental causes or who need only immediate surgical care rather than genetic insight may not benefit directly from this work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this could help doctors better predict how severe a child's facial birth defect might be and inform more personalized counseling and care planning.

How similar studies have performed: Earlier work from this team in mice showed that lowering Fgf8 past a threshold produces large changes in facial outcomes, so this proposal builds on those animal-model findings to gain deeper mechanistic insight.

Where this research is happening

San Francisco, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.