Why some cancer-fighting CD8 T cells stop working in tumors

TOX-driven CD8 T cell differentiation and dysfunction in tumors

NIH-funded research Sloan-Kettering Inst Can Research · NIH-11240342

This project will learn how a protein called TOX causes CD8 T cells inside tumors to become 'exhausted' so treatments might work better for people with cancer.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionSloan-Kettering Inst Can Research NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (New York, United States)
Project IDNIH-11240342 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers will study how the protein TOX controls the behavior of CD8 T cells that recognize tumors and why these T cells become dysfunctional. They will follow T cells over time in genetically engineered mouse cancer models and analyze cells from human tumors to compare how different strengths and durations of tumor signals influence TOX. The team will use gene-expression and epigenetic analyses to map the programs TOX turns on and off, and will test ways to block TOX or its downstream targets to try to restore T-cell activity. The goal is to identify molecular targets that could improve cancer immunotherapies.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are people with solid tumors who can provide tumor tissue or blood samples and who are treated at or can travel to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Not a fit: People without solid tumors, those unable to provide tumor or blood samples, or those seeking immediate changes to their treatment are unlikely to benefit directly from this research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could lead to new ways to revive exhausted tumor T cells and make immunotherapy more effective for cancer patients.

How similar studies have performed: Previous research has linked TOX to T-cell dysfunction in tumors, but turning that knowledge into patient treatments is still new and unproven.

Where this research is happening

New York, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Cancer InductionCancer ModelCancer Patient
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.