Why nicotine cravings come back: the brain circuit behind relapse

Examining nicotine relapse in the habenulo-interpeduncular system

NIH-funded research Wake Forest University Health Sciences · NIH-11307558

This project looks at a specific brain circuit that may cause strong nicotine cravings in people trying to quit smoking.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionWake Forest University Health Sciences NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Winston-Salem, United States)
Project IDNIH-11307558 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers use a rat model where animals self-administer nicotine to mimic human tobacco use and abstinence. They focus on the medial habenula–interpeduncular nucleus (MHb–IPN) brain pathway and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are linked to withdrawal and craving. Using imaging and molecular tools, the team will track how chronic nicotine changes cells in this circuit and how those changes line up with relapse-like behavior, especially during the first 1–2 weeks of abstinence. Although the work is preclinical in animals, the results could point to targets for future treatments to reduce relapse in people trying to quit.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: This project is preclinical and does not enroll people, but its findings are meant to help smokers who struggle with strong cravings and relapse within the first weeks after quitting.

Not a fit: People looking for immediate clinical treatment or long-term successful quitters will not receive direct benefit from this animal-based research right now.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the research could reveal new brain targets or drug strategies to help prevent early relapse after quitting smoking.

How similar studies have performed: Previous animal studies have implicated the MHb–IPN pathway and nicotinic receptors in withdrawal and relapse, but translating those findings into proven human treatments remains uncompleted.

Where this research is happening

Winston-Salem, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.