Why immune T cells keep attacking in autoimmune diabetes

Mechanisms of T cell persistence during chronic autoimmunity

['FUNDING_R01'] · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · NIH-11223319

Researchers are looking at how different types of T cells survive and continue attacking insulin-producing cells in people with type 1 diabetes.

Quick facts

Phase['FUNDING_R01']
Study typeNih_funding
SexAll
SponsorUTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH (nih funded)
Locations1 site (SALT LAKE CITY, UNITED STATES)
Trial IDNIH-11223319 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this research studies

This project studies why self-reactive T cells persist in the pancreas during long-term autoimmune diabetes, using a well-established mouse model and comparisons to human diabetes findings. Investigators are tracking T cell populations that differ by antigen affinity, stem-like properties, and effector function to see which cells renew locally versus arrive from the blood. They combine T cell receptor analysis, functional tests, and markers of exhaustion and differentiation to map which cells maintain the autoimmune response. Results aim to explain why some T cells resist regulatory mechanisms and how that links to responses seen with therapies like anti-CD3.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with type 1 diabetes or those at high risk for type 1 diabetes would be the patient groups most relevant to this research.

Not a fit: People with type 2 diabetes or other non-autoimmune forms of diabetes are unlikely to directly benefit from the findings.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could point to ways to reduce or redirect the T cells that drive type 1 diabetes, potentially improving treatments that preserve insulin-producing beta cells.

How similar studies have performed: Related studies have shown that markers of T cell exhaustion link to remission and better responses to anti-CD3 therapy, but the specific mechanisms of persistent autoimmune T cells remain novel and incompletely proven.

Where this research is happening

SALT LAKE CITY, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.

View on NIH RePORTER →

Conditions: Autoimmune Diabetes

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.