Why dementia and sudden confusion (delirium) often happen together

Clarifying the overlapping pathology of delirium and dementia

NIH-funded research University of Wisconsin-Madison · NIH-11480981

This project looks at brain electrical signals and chemical changes to find why people with dementia sometimes develop sudden confusion called delirium.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Madison, United States)
Project IDNIH-11480981 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers will monitor brain electrical activity and neurotransmitter signals in people with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias before, during, and after episodes of sudden confusion. They will use noninvasive brain recordings to look for patterns linked to acetylcholine and will measure noradrenaline-related changes tied to a small brain region called the locus coeruleus. By comparing these electrical and chemical patterns with symptoms and recovery, the team hopes to explain why delirium happens and why it looks different from person to person. The work combines bedside monitoring during acute episodes with follow-up to track longer-term effects on thinking and memory.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are older adults with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias who are at risk of or who experience episodes of acute confusion (delirium), especially those seen at hospitals or clinics affiliated with the study site.

Not a fit: People without cognitive impairment or whose confusion is caused entirely by non-neurological issues (for example, purely metabolic or drug overdose events) may not directly benefit from the findings.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could point to new targets for preventing or treating delirium in people with dementia and reduce its long-term impact on thinking and independence.

How similar studies have performed: Previous research has linked cholinergic changes to delirium but results are mixed, and combining electrical brain measures with noradrenaline-focused work to explain symptom differences is relatively novel.

Where this research is happening

Madison, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Alzheimer's Disease and its related dementias
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.