Which HIV-infected cells can restart the virus during treatment

Project-002

NIH-funded research University of California, San Francisco · NIH-11327327

Researchers will use advanced tests on blood and tissue samples from people living with HIV who are on suppressive antiretroviral therapy to find which infected cells keep making viral RNA or protein and could cause the virus to come back.

Quick facts

Grant typeP01 program project
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of California, San Francisco NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (San Francisco, United States)
Project IDNIH-11327327 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

This project follows people living with HIV on ART and applies cutting-edge laboratory assays to their repeated blood and tissue samples to find cells that still produce HIV RNA or protein. The team will sort different types of viral RNA and protein signals, measure how common these cells are, how long they persist, and where they reside in the body. They will also examine whether these cells drive immune activation that can harm organs or lead to virus rebound if ART is stopped. By mapping the variety of transcriptionally active reservoir cells, researchers hope to identify the ones most likely to cause problems so future treatments can target them.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults living with HIV who are on suppressive ART and willing to provide repeated blood and possibly tissue samples, and who may be open to monitored ART interruption in future trials.

Not a fit: People without HIV, people with uncontrolled HIV not on ART, or those unwilling to give samples or attend clinic visits are unlikely to be eligible or to benefit directly from this project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could point to targeted ways to remove or control the cells that cause immune activation and viral rebound, helping move toward cures or safer long-term care.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies showed rebound virus can sometimes match cell-associated HIV RNA and that an active reservoir exists, but fully characterizing the diverse cell subsets with these new assays is a novel and developing approach.

Where this research is happening

San Francisco, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome VirusAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.