What controls differences in human skin and hair color

Epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms driving human pigmentation diversity

NIH-funded research University of Oklahoma · NIH-11129724

Researchers are studying how gene switches and DNA packaging control melanin production to explain why people have different skin and hair colors.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Oklahoma NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Norman, United States)
Project IDNIH-11129724 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

This project looks inside human pigment cells to find the genes and epigenetic marks that turn melanin production up or down. The team used a genome-wide CRISPR screen to discover new candidate genes and will study how KLF transcription factors change pigment gene activity. They combine human genetic data, cell experiments, and molecular assays to map the mechanisms that cause normal color variation and disease risk. The goal is a detailed map of the molecular controls over melanogenesis.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal participants would be people willing to donate skin samples, melanocytes, or DNA, especially those with hypo- or hyperpigmentation conditions.

Not a fit: People seeking immediate medical treatment for pigment disorders should not expect direct or immediate benefit because this is basic research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this research could reveal targets for diagnosing or treating pigmentation disorders and improve understanding of normal skin and hair color differences.

How similar studies have performed: Previous GWAS and genetic studies in humans and mice have identified pigmentation genes, but applying genome-wide CRISPR screens to find regulatory factors like KLFs is a newer approach.

Where this research is happening

Norman, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Candidate Disease Gene
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.