Waking up the healthy MECP2 gene to treat Rett syndrome with an XIST-targeting ASO

Advancing an XIST ASO candidate for the treatment of Rett Syndrome

NIH-funded research Massachusetts General Hospital · NIH-11322750

A treatment that aims to wake up the healthy MECP2 gene on the silent X chromosome to help girls with Rett syndrome.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionMassachusetts General Hospital NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Boston, United States)
Project IDNIH-11322750 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers are developing an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that targets XIST RNA to reactivate the healthy MECP2 gene on the inactivated X chromosome. They plan to pair the ASO with a small drug that reduces DNA methylation to make reactivation more effective. In mice, this approach has restored MECP2 protein in the brain and improved Rett-like symptoms, and the team is now advancing a candidate toward the safety and development steps needed for people. The work is led at Massachusetts General Hospital with the goal of creating a therapy for girls with MECP2-related Rett syndrome.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Girls with genetically confirmed Rett syndrome caused by MECP2 mutations would be the intended candidates for this approach.

Not a fit: People whose symptoms are not caused by MECP2 mutations, those with MECP2 duplications, or individuals with two nonfunctional MECP2 copies are unlikely to benefit.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could restore MECP2 function in the brain and improve or reverse neurological symptoms of Rett syndrome.

How similar studies have performed: Previous mouse studies have shown that restoring MECP2 expression can reverse symptoms, and the XIST-ASO strategy builds on those promising preclinical results though it is novel for human use.

Where this research is happening

Boston, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-10 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.