Using virus-like particles to reprogram immune cells to fight cancer

Cancer therapy by targeting innate immune cells in vivo using novel virus-like particles

NIH-funded research University of California, San Diego · NIH-11300234

This project uses harmless virus-like particles to reprogram immune cells in the body so they can better attack hard-to-treat blood cancers and some solid tumors.

Quick facts

Grant typeR21 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of California, San Diego NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (La Jolla, United States)
Project IDNIH-11300234 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

From a patient perspective, researchers plan to deliver genetic instructions with virus-like particles (VLPs) to specific immune cells in the body so those cells will make chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that recognize cancer. The team will target multiple cell types (T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages) to create off-the-shelf therapies rather than making cells from each patient. Their VLP approach aims to combine the targeting advantages of viral vectors with temporary, controlled mRNA expression to reduce long-term risks. Early work will test targeting, delivery, and initial anti-cancer activity in controlled lab and preclinical settings before moving toward human testing.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates would be people with B-cell blood cancers and potentially patients with certain solid tumors that are resistant to standard treatments, depending on the CAR targets developed.

Not a fit: Patients whose cancers do not express the specific targets chosen for the CARs, or those too frail or immunosuppressed to receive immune-directed therapies, may not benefit.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If it works, this could make CAR-based treatments faster, more affordable, and available to more patients, including those whose cancers do not respond to current therapies.

How similar studies have performed: Autologous CAR-T cell therapies have shown strong success for some B-cell cancers, but in-body VLP delivery to make CARs and off-the-shelf NK or macrophage CAR approaches are largely experimental and less proven.

Where this research is happening

La Jolla, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.