Understanding why some people with HIV don't recover their immune cells

Commensal microbiome impact on CD4 T cell lymphopenia in HIV-1 infection

['FUNDING_R01'] · EMORY UNIVERSITY · NIH-11112499

This research explores how gut bacteria might prevent some people with HIV from fully restoring their immune system, even with treatment.

Quick facts

Phase['FUNDING_R01']
Study typeNih_funding
SexAll
SponsorEMORY UNIVERSITY (nih funded)
Locations1 site (ATLANTA, UNITED STATES)
Trial IDNIH-11112499 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this research studies

For people living with HIV, some don't fully recover their CD4 T cells, which are crucial immune cells, even after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). These 'immune non-responders' face higher risks for other health issues. Our previous work found problems with the energy-producing parts of their CD4 T cells, called mitochondria. Now, we've discovered that these individuals often have higher levels of certain toxins from gut bacteria in their blood. We believe these toxins might be damaging CD4 T cells and preventing them from growing back.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: This research focuses on adults aged 21 and older who are living with HIV and have not fully recovered their CD4 T cell counts despite antiretroviral therapy.

Not a fit: Patients who have successfully restored their CD4 T cell counts after HIV treatment may not directly benefit from this specific research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could lead to new ways to help people with HIV who struggle to rebuild their immune systems, potentially by targeting gut bacteria or their toxins.

How similar studies have performed: While mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV has been observed, the connection between specific gut-derived bacterial toxins and CD4 T cell recovery in HIV immune non-responders is a novel observation.

Where this research is happening

ATLANTA, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.

View on NIH RePORTER →

Conditions: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.