Understanding how sex and gender affect autism in children

Sex, Gender, and Camouflage in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multimodal, Accelerated Longitudinal Design

NIH-funded research Univ of North Carolina Chapel Hill · NIH-10908287

This study is looking at how autism shows up differently in boys and girls during early childhood, especially how girls might hide their symptoms, and it involves observing 280 kids aged 4 to 8 to help improve understanding and support for all children with autism.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniv of North Carolina Chapel Hill NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Chapel Hill, United States)
Project IDNIH-10908287 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

This research investigates the differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) between boys and girls, focusing on how these differences manifest in early childhood. By examining social motivation and behaviors, the study aims to understand how autistic girls may camouflage their symptoms differently than boys. The research will involve 280 children, both neurotypical and autistic, aged 4 to 8, who will be observed over several years to track their development and behaviors. This approach will help clarify the roles of sex and gender in autism and may lead to better diagnostic and support strategies.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates for this research are children aged 4 to 8, both neurotypical and those diagnosed with autism, with a balanced representation of boys and girls.

Not a fit: Patients outside the age range of 4 to 8 years or those not diagnosed with autism may not benefit from this research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this research could lead to improved understanding and support for autistic individuals, particularly girls, enhancing early diagnosis and intervention.

How similar studies have performed: Previous research has shown promising results in understanding sex differences in autism, but this specific approach of examining sex, gender, and camouflaging together in early childhood is novel.

Where this research is happening

Chapel Hill, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Autistic Disorder
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.