Understanding how certain immune cells affect brain blood vessels in people with HIV

Role of Monocyte Delta Like-4 (Dll4) in HIV-Associated Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

NIH-funded research University of Rochester · NIH-11144333

This research explores how a specific protein on immune cells might lead to small blood vessel damage in the brain and impact memory and thinking in people living with HIV.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Rochester NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Rochester, United States)
Project IDNIH-11144333 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

This project looks at how a protein called Dll4, found on certain immune cells called monocytes, contributes to problems with small blood vessels in the brain and affects thinking skills in people living with HIV. Normally, Dll4 is on the lining of blood vessels, but in conditions with ongoing inflammation, like HIV, monocytes can also produce it. Our early findings suggest that this Dll4 protein can change how brain blood vessels function. We believe that inflammation, common in HIV, causes monocytes to release Dll4, which then impacts the protective blood-brain barrier and the structure of brain vessels. This could explain some of the cognitive challenges faced by people with HIV.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: This research is relevant for people living with HIV who experience or are at risk for cognitive issues and brain small vessel disease.

Not a fit: Patients without HIV or those whose cognitive issues are not related to HIV-associated small vessel disease may not directly benefit from this specific research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could lead to new ways to prevent or treat brain blood vessel damage and cognitive decline in people with HIV.

How similar studies have performed: While the role of Dll4 in HIV-associated cerebral small vessel disease is a novel area, previous research has linked inflammation and vascular changes to cognitive decline in HIV.

Where this research is happening

Rochester, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome VirusAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.