Understanding Brain Inflammation and Mental Health Challenges in People with HIV

Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mediating Microglial Activation and Development of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Induced by HIV, Antiretrovirals and Cocaine

['FUNDING_R01'] · OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY · NIH-11127636

This project explores how brain inflammation contributes to depression and anxiety in people living with HIV, especially when antiretroviral medications and cocaine use are also present.

Quick facts

Phase['FUNDING_R01']
Study typeNih_funding
SexAll
SponsorOLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY (nih funded)
Locations1 site (NORFOLK, UNITED STATES)
Trial IDNIH-11127636 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this research studies

This research aims to uncover why individuals with HIV often experience mental health issues like depression and anxiety, even with effective treatment. We are focusing on how specific brain cells, called microglia, become overly active and cause damage, particularly when exposed to HIV proteins, antiretroviral drugs, and cocaine. Our team is investigating a key pathway known as the NLRP3 inflammasome, which appears to play a central role in this brain inflammation. By understanding these detailed mechanisms, we hope to identify new strategies to protect brain health and improve the mental well-being of those affected by HIV.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: This research is relevant to adults aged 21 and older living with HIV who experience neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression and anxiety, especially those who may also use antiretroviral medications or cocaine.

Not a fit: Patients who do not have HIV or related neuropsychiatric symptoms would not directly benefit from this specific research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could lead to new treatments that reduce brain inflammation and improve mental health for people living with HIV.

How similar studies have performed: While the role of inflammation in HIV-associated neurological disorders is recognized, this specific focus on the NLRP3 inflammasome's combined role with antiretrovirals and cocaine represents a novel and less explored area.

Where this research is happening

NORFOLK, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.

View on NIH RePORTER →

Conditions: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.