Targeting arginine metabolism to treat fatty liver and insulin resistance

Leveraging arginase biology against metabolic disease

NIH-funded research Indiana University Indianapolis · NIH-11381030

It explores whether changing how the liver handles the amino acid arginine can reduce fatty liver and improve insulin resistance for people with NAFLD/NASH.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionIndiana University Indianapolis NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Indianapolis, United States)
Project IDNIH-11381030 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

You would hear that the team found shifting arginine levels in the liver can mimic the benefits of fasting in animals. They identified an enzyme called Arg2 that rises with fasting and, when increased in liver cells, lowers liver fat, inflammation, and improves insulin resistance in diabetic mice. The researchers will use mouse models and laboratory studies of liver cells to map how Arg2, arginine sensing, autophagy, and inflammation interact. Their goal is to identify druggable signaling steps that could be turned into new treatments for NAFLD and NASH.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), particularly those with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes, would be the most relevant candidates for therapies coming from this work.

Not a fit: Patients with liver disease from other causes (like viral hepatitis, autoimmune or alcohol-related liver disease) or those with advanced cirrhosis are less likely to benefit from the arginine-targeted approaches described here.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could lead to new treatments that reduce liver fat, lower inflammation, and improve blood sugar control in people with NAFLD/NASH.

How similar studies have performed: Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting are known to improve fatty liver in people, and early animal work shows Arg2 manipulation can reproduce those benefits, but arginine-targeting treatments remain novel and have not yet been tested in humans.

Where this research is happening

Indianapolis, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-10 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.