Rapid breath test to identify pneumonia bacteria and antibiotic resistance

Rapid, Breath Volatile Metabolite-Based Diagnosis, Species Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling in Bacterial Pneumonia

NIH-funded research Brigham and Women's Hospital · NIH-11261047

A quick, noninvasive breath test for people with suspected lung infection that aims to identify the bacteria causing pneumonia and which antibiotics are likely to work.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionBrigham and Women's Hospital NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Boston, United States)
Project IDNIH-11261047 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers will use a small, portable breath analyzer (gas chromatography–differential mobility spectrometry, GC‑DMS) to collect and analyze volatile molecules from patients' exhaled breath. They will compare breath signatures to standard laboratory tests and to how bacteria respond to antibiotics to learn which breath patterns match specific species and resistant strains. The work builds on animal proof-of-concept data and will be tested in people with acute respiratory infections to deliver results within hours. The aim is a bedside tool that can guide faster, more accurate antibiotic decisions without invasive sampling.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with suspected bacterial pneumonia or acute respiratory infections who can provide breath samples, such as patients seen in the emergency department or hospital, are the ideal candidates.

Not a fit: People with infections that are not lung-related, those with purely viral illnesses, or individuals unable to provide breath samples (for example certain ventilated patients) may not benefit.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: Could let doctors choose the right antibiotic faster and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.

How similar studies have performed: Early animal studies and some small human breath-analysis projects show promise, but using breath to identify species and antibiotic resistance is still largely unproven in routine clinical care.

Where this research is happening

Boston, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Acute respiratory infection
Last reviewed 2026-06-14 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.