Non‑B HIV subtypes and second‑line protease inhibitor treatment in Africa

Impact of Non - B HIV - 1 Subtype on second line Protease Inhibitor Regimens in Africa (INSPIRE)

NIH-funded research University of Maryland Baltimore · NIH-11026402

This research looks at whether certain non‑B types of HIV common in Africa make second‑line protease inhibitor treatments less effective for people whose first HIV drugs stopped working.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Maryland Baltimore NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Baltimore, United States)
Project IDNIH-11026402 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

If I join, researchers will compare virus genes (env and gag) from people in Africa whose second‑line protease inhibitor treatment failed to see if there are mutations linked to resistance. They will put those viral gene changes into lab viruses to test how well the virus spreads between cells and how it responds to different protease inhibitors and to dolutegravir. The team will focus on non‑B subtypes like CRF02_AG and subtype G that are common in parts of Africa and link lab findings to patients' treatment records and viral loads. The aim is to find viral markers that help explain treatment failure and could guide better drug choices.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with HIV who have experienced virologic failure (high viral load) while on second‑line protease inhibitor regimens, especially those infected with non‑B subtypes common in Africa, are the ideal candidates.

Not a fit: Patients doing well on first‑line therapy or whose virus carries classical protease resistance mutations may not get direct benefit from this specific work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could help clinicians identify when second‑line protease inhibitor regimens are unlikely to work and choose more effective treatments sooner.

How similar studies have performed: Clinical reports and some lab work have suggested resistance can arise without protease mutations, but demonstrating Env/Gag‑driven resistance is relatively new and still being validated.

Where this research is happening

Baltimore, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome VirusAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.