Milk Type in Toddlers: How Whole or Low-Fat Milk Affects Child Health

Milk Type in Toddlers (Milk-TOT) Study: Impact of Whole versus Low-fat Milk on Child Adiposity, Health and Development

NIH-funded research Univ of Calif/div/agriculture/nat/resour · NIH-11141719

This project wants to learn if whole milk or low-fat milk is better for toddlers' weight, health, and development between ages 2 and 3.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniv of Calif/div/agriculture/nat/resour NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Oakland, United States)
Project IDNIH-11141719 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Current recommendations suggest toddlers switch from whole milk to low-fat milk at age two, but there isn't much strong evidence to support this. In fact, some observations suggest low-fat milk might be linked to more body fat in children. This project will recruit 625 parents of toddlers and randomly assign them to give their child either whole milk or 1% milk for one year. We will then compare how these milk types affect changes in body fat and overall body mass.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are parents of toddlers who are 2 years old and have successfully transitioned from breastmilk or formula to cow's milk.

Not a fit: Toddlers outside the 2-3 year age range or those not consuming cow's milk may not directly benefit from participating in this specific project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this could provide clear guidance for parents and healthcare providers on the optimal milk fat type for toddlers to support healthy growth and prevent obesity.

How similar studies have performed: Existing observational studies have shown conflicting results, and there are surprisingly few rigorous trials to support current recommendations, making this a novel and important investigation.

Where this research is happening

Oakland, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-10 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.