NIH-funded research NIH-funded research

Investigating how sex and hormones affect HIV transmission in rectal tissues.

Official title: Sex, Gender, and HIV Transmission: Defining the Impact of Biological Sex and Sex Hormones on Epithelial and Immune Cell Transcriptomics and HIV Transmission in Human Rectal Tissues

Funded at Emory University · NIH-10890674 · Data updated 2026-11-12

This study is looking at how biological sex and hormone therapy affect the rectal area, which is important for understanding HIV transmission, especially in transgender individuals, by comparing tissue samples from cisgender men and women to see how hormones might change the way our immune system works.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionEmory University
NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Atlanta, United States)
Project startJuly 19, 2023
Project endJune 30, 2028
Funding year2024
Award (this year)$172,316
NIH project number5K23AI177081-02
Project IDNIH-10890674 on NIH RePORTER

Who could benefit from this research

Could help

Ideal candidates for this research include transgender men and women who are undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Less likely to help

Patients who are not transgender or do not use gender-affirming hormone therapy may not benefit from this research.

What this research studies

This research focuses on understanding the impact of biological sex and sex hormones on the rectal mucosal environment, which is crucial for HIV transmission. It aims to explore how gender-affirming hormone therapy influences immune and epithelial cell functions in transgender individuals. By comparing gene expression patterns in rectal tissues of cisgender men and women, and examining the effects of sex hormones on these tissues, the study seeks to uncover mechanisms that may affect susceptibility to HIV. The research employs advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing to gather detailed insights.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this research could lead to improved HIV prevention strategies tailored for transgender individuals.

How similar studies have gone: While there is ongoing research in HIV prevention, this specific focus on the intersection of gender-affirming hormone therapy and HIV transmission in transgender individuals is relatively novel.

Where this research is happening

  • Emory University
    Atlanta, United States
    Active

Researchers

  • Principal investigator: Grimsley Ackerley, Cassie — Emory University
  • Study coordinator: Grimsley Ackerley, Cassie

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page.
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Last reviewed 2026-11-14 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.