Improving immune treatments for cancers that have spread to the brain

Optimizing systemic immunotherapy for personalized brain metastasis treatment

['FUNDING_OTHER'] · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · NIH-11174237

Researchers will try blocking a molecule called TGF-β in lymph nodes to help immune therapies work better for people whose cancer has spread to the brain.

Quick facts

Phase['FUNDING_OTHER']
Study typeNih_funding
SexAll
SponsorSTANFORD UNIVERSITY (nih funded)
Locations1 site (STANFORD, UNITED STATES)
Trial IDNIH-11174237 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this research studies

This project focuses on brain metastases, where cancer spreads to the brain and weakens the body's immune response. Researchers will study tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that produce TGF-β and track how these cells move between brain tumors and the tumor-draining lymph nodes. Using lab models and patient-derived samples, they will block TGF-β at the lymph nodes to see if that restores T cell priming and improves responses to checkpoint inhibitors or vaccine approaches like iPSC-based vaccines. Results could guide new combination therapies to make existing immunotherapies more effective for people with brain metastases.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Adults whose cancer has spread to the brain, especially those being considered for immunotherapy or willing to provide tissue or blood samples, would be most relevant.

Not a fit: Patients with cancers that have not spread to the brain, those in poor overall health who cannot receive immunotherapy, or those whose tumors do not rely on TGF-β–driven immunosuppression may not benefit directly from this work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could make immunotherapies more effective against brain metastases and help patients live longer or have better disease control.

How similar studies have performed: Previous preclinical and early clinical work suggests TGF-β blockade can boost immunotherapy in some cancers, but applying this approach specifically to brain metastases is relatively new and still exploratory.

Where this research is happening

STANFORD, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.

View on NIH RePORTER →

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.