Immune and gene markers to spot high-risk oral leukoplakia

Immune and transcriptomic biomarkers of progressive oral premalignant lesions

NIH-funded research University of California, San Francisco · NIH-11158923

Using immune cell patterns and gene activity in mouth tissue, this project looks for markers that tell which white patches (leukoplakia) are most likely to become oral cancer.

Quick facts

Grant typeU01 cooperative agreement
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of California, San Francisco NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (San Francisco, United States)
Project IDNIH-11158923 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

If you have a white patch or other oral precancer (leukoplakia), researchers will examine tissue samples and follow patients over time to see which lesions progress to cancer. They will use advanced tools like spatial transcriptomics to map where genes are active in the tissue and multiplex immune fluorescence to see many immune cell types at once. The team will compare lesions that transformed to cancer with those that did not to find distinctive signatures, such as ARG1-rich macrophages and low CD8+ T cells. These findings are intended to help develop tests that identify high-risk lesions earlier.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with oral leukoplakia or other oral potentially malignant disorders (especially HPV-negative lesions) who can provide biopsy samples and attend follow-up visits.

Not a fit: People without oral precancerous lesions, or those already diagnosed with invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma, are unlikely to benefit directly from this project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: This work could help doctors identify which premalignant mouth lesions need closer monitoring or earlier treatment, lowering the chance of developing invasive oral cancer.

How similar studies have performed: Previous research has revealed transcriptomic and immune differences linked to progression, but no validated biomarker panel is yet in routine clinical use, so this builds on promising but not-yet-clinical findings.

Where this research is happening

San Francisco, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Cancer CauseCancer Etiology
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.