How two versions of the TOX protein shape immune cells

Characterization of TOX isoform-specific roles in T cell and ILC development

NIH-funded research Cedars-Sinai Medical Center · NIH-11291299

Researchers are figuring out how two versions of the TOX protein change the development and behavior of T cells and innate lymphoid cells, which affect autoimmune disease, infection responses, and cancer.

Quick facts

Grant typeR21 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionCedars-Sinai Medical Center NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Los Angeles, United States)
Project IDNIH-11291299 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

This project will determine how the TOX gene produces two protein forms and how each form influences developing T cells and innate lymphoid cells from the bone marrow and thymus. Scientists will use laboratory methods such as ATAC‑seq and other molecular and cell biology tools to map TOX binding and effects on gene activity. Experiments will use cell samples and established laboratory models to follow immune cell specification and function. Results aim to explain whether different TOX forms promote healthy immunity or contribute to immune disorders.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with autoimmune diseases, chronic viral infections, or cancers that involve T cells or innate lymphoid cells are most likely to benefit from future advances based on this work.

Not a fit: Patients with conditions unrelated to immune cell function, such as isolated orthopedic injuries or metabolic disorders with no immune component, are unlikely to receive direct benefit from this project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could reveal new molecular targets for therapies that correct harmful immune responses in autoimmunity, chronic infections, or cancer.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies established TOX as important for T cell and ILC development and for immune dysfunction in disease, but studying the specific TOX isoforms is a newer and exploratory direction.

Where this research is happening

Los Angeles, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.