How the outer shell of AAV gene therapy viruses interacts with cells and the immune system

AAV capsids and their cellular interactions

NIH-funded research University of Florida · NIH-11261243

Researchers are looking at how the outer shell (capsid) of AAV gene therapy viruses binds to human cells and antibodies to help make gene therapies safer and work for more people.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Florida NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Gainesville, United States)
Project IDNIH-11261243 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

From your perspective as a patient, the team is examining how the protein coat of AAV gene therapy vectors attaches to cell surfaces and moves inside cells. They will use blood samples and antibodies from donors and clinical trial participants to see where and how those antibodies stick to the capsid. The project combines structural methods (to map binding sites on the capsid) with functional tests (to see how those interactions block delivery or cause immune reactions). Findings will guide changes to capsids to avoid neutralizing antibodies and improve delivery while lowering harmful immune responses.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People who are candidates for AAV-based gene therapies or who have prior exposure to AAV and can provide blood samples would be the most directly relevant participants.

Not a fit: Patients whose conditions are not treated by AAV gene therapies or who will never be candidates for gene therapy are unlikely to receive direct benefit from this project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could allow more people to receive AAV gene therapies by reducing pre-existing antibody blocks and lowering dose-related toxicities.

How similar studies have performed: Several AAV gene therapies have already been approved and shown clinical benefit, but immune reactions to capsids remain an ongoing challenge that this work aims to address.

Where this research is happening

Gainesville, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.