How the mouth and upper airway start immune defenses against COVID-19

Initiation of immune responses to SARS COV2 in the oral cavity and upper airway

NIH-funded research Tulane University of Louisiana · NIH-11307064

This work looks at how the mouth and nasal passages trigger the body's early immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with COVID-19.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionTulane University of Louisiana NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (New Orleans, United States)
Project IDNIH-11307064 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers will collect nasal and oral samples from people with COVID-19 and use single-cell gene profiling to see which cells the virus infects and how each cell responds. They will compare antiviral responses in directly infected cells and nearby bystander cells and link those responses to how sick people become. The team will study multiple mouth sites, including the gums, to understand sites that may drive inflammation or viral persistence. Findings will be compared across a diverse group of participants to identify patterns tied to worse outcomes.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or early COVID-19 symptoms who can provide nasal and oral samples and attend visits at the study site.

Not a fit: People who are not infected with SARS-CoV-2 or those with very late-stage, multi-system COVID-19 are unlikely to gain direct benefit from this work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this could point to ways to strengthen early antiviral defenses in the nose and mouth to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19.

How similar studies have performed: Prior nasal single-cell studies have shown that weaker early antiviral responses in the nose link to worse outcomes, while focused study of the oral cavity is more novel.

Where this research is happening

New Orleans, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.