How the brain tells safe signals from scary or rewarding ones

Neural circuitry of safety, fear and reward cue discrimination

NIH-funded research Indiana University Indianapolis · NIH-11256779

This work looks at how brain circuits help people tell safety signals apart from scary or rewarding signals, which could help people with anxiety or PTSD.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionIndiana University Indianapolis NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Indianapolis, United States)
Project IDNIH-11256779 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

If you find it hard to tell when a situation is truly safe, this research aims to explain why that happens in the brain. Researchers will use well-established conditioning tasks and neural recordings to compare how safety, fear, and reward cues are represented and discriminated. The team will focus on brain areas such as the infralimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala and trace the circuits that promote safety signaling and inhibit fear. The goal is to identify neural pathways that could be targeted to make therapies that rely on safety cues more effective.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People who have trouble feeling safe or who experience excessive fear or hyperarousal—for example those with PTSD or anxiety disorders—would be the most relevant group.

Not a fit: Patients whose problems are unrelated to fear, safety signaling, or emotional regulation (for example isolated physical injuries) are unlikely to benefit directly from this work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could lead to better therapies that reduce inappropriate fear responses and improve outcomes for people with PTSD or anxiety.

How similar studies have performed: Prior animal and human imaging research has linked the infralimbic cortex and amygdala to fear and safety learning, but the precise circuits for cue discrimination and conditioned inhibition remain to be mapped.

Where this research is happening

Indianapolis, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.