How the brain changes during learning and reward

Cortical plasticity during reinforcement learning

NIH-funded research University of California, San Diego · NIH-11369578

This research looks at how brain circuits change with learning to help people with ADHD and other thinking or learning problems.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of California, San Diego NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (La Jolla, United States)
Project IDNIH-11369578 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers use mice to watch brain cells over weeks with high-resolution imaging and to measure dopamine signals while the animals learn tasks that involve fast and slow kinds of learning. They will turn specific brain signals on or off with optogenetics and alter synaptic plasticity to see which circuits are needed for long-term learning. The team will compare these biological results to artificial deep reinforcement learning models to better link brain mechanisms to behavior. Findings aim to clarify how the orbitofrontal cortex and its dopamine inputs support adapting strategies over time.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: This project does not enroll people; its results are most relevant to individuals with ADHD or difficulties in flexible thinking.

Not a fit: People seeking immediate new treatments are unlikely to benefit directly, since the work is preclinical in mice rather than a human trial.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could point to new diagnostic markers or treatment targets for ADHD and other disorders of learning and cognitive flexibility.

How similar studies have performed: Previous animal studies have linked dopamine and cortical plasticity to learning, but combining long-term two-photon imaging, optogenetics, and deep RL modeling is a newer and more integrative approach.

Where this research is happening

La Jolla, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Last reviewed 2026-06-09 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.