How T cells help vaccines give longer protection

The impact of T cell selection on vaccine durability

['FUNDING_R01'] · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · NIH-11174357

Researchers are looking at how people’s T cells respond to vaccines so immunity can last longer and handle new virus variants.

Quick facts

Phase['FUNDING_R01']
Study typeNih_funding
SexAll
SponsorUNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA (nih funded)
Locations1 site (PHILADELPHIA, UNITED STATES)
Trial IDNIH-11174357 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this research studies

This project follows people’s immune T cells over time after vaccination to see which T cells stick around and respond well. Scientists collect blood samples and use lab tools that tag and sequence individual T cells so they can track the same cell families before and after vaccination. The team compares responses to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and a live attenuated yellow fever vaccine as a model of strong, long-lasting immunity. Findings will be used to understand why some T cells make durable memory and how vaccine design might encourage those responses.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Adults willing to give blood samples over time who have received or plan to receive COVID-19 (mRNA) or yellow fever vaccines would be the ideal participants.

Not a fit: People who are not vaccinated, children, or those unable or unwilling to give repeat blood samples are unlikely to directly benefit from participating.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the work could guide vaccines that produce longer-lasting protection and better responses to viral variants.

How similar studies have performed: Related studies that track T cell clones have revealed important details about immune memory, but applying these methods to mRNA vaccine durability is relatively new.

Where this research is happening

PHILADELPHIA, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.

View on NIH RePORTER →

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.