How stress hormones wake up herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in nerve cells

Stress Hormone Regulation of HSV1 and HSV2 in Autonomic and Sensory Neurons

NIH-funded research Virginia Polytechnic Inst and St Univ · NIH-11179176

This project looks at how short- and long-term stress hormones can wake up HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the nerve cells that cause cold sores, genital herpes, eye disease, or brain infection.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionVirginia Polytechnic Inst and St Univ NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Blacksburg, United States)
Project IDNIH-11179176 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

The team uses nerve cells and animal models to see how stress hormones like epinephrine (short-term) and corticosterone/cortisol (long-term) affect dormant HSV-1 and HSV-2 in sensory and autonomic neurons. They compare neurons that serve the face and genitals, map which hormone receptors each neuron type has, and measure which hormones trigger viral reactivation. Experiments combine cell-level lab work with in vivo models to track how often and under what conditions the virus comes back after stress-hormone exposure. Findings aim to reveal why HSV-1 and HSV-2 behave differently in different nerve types so future strategies can block reactivation.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Adults (21+) with a history of recurrent HSV-1 (oral) or HSV-2 (genital) infections or those willing to donate samples for herpes research.

Not a fit: People without HSV infection or those seeking immediate antiviral treatment should not expect direct personal benefit from this basic research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: Could lead to ways to prevent or reduce herpes recurrences by targeting stress-hormone pathways.

How similar studies have performed: Prior work shows stress can trigger herpes reactivation and preliminary data indicate epinephrine provokes HSV-1 in sympathetic neurons, but applying this comparison across autonomic versus sensory neurons for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 is relatively novel.

Where this research is happening

Blacksburg, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Acute Disease
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.