How sex differences in a specific type of brain cell may lead to autism

Sex dependent dysregulation of parvalbumin interneurons as a pathway to Autism Spectrum Disorder

NIH-funded research Feinstein Institute for Medical Research · NIH-11196768

This work looks at whether maternal anti-brain antibodies change a key inhibitory brain cell differently in males and females and thereby contribute to autism.

Quick facts

Grant typeR21 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionFeinstein Institute for Medical Research NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Manhasset, United States)
Project IDNIH-11196768 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers use a mouse model where mothers are exposed to human Caspr2 protein to produce anti-Caspr2 antibodies during pregnancy and then study the offspring. They focus on parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs) in the developing hippocampus and compare male and female brains and behaviors. The team examines cell numbers, synaptic structure, and related behaviors to trace how maternal antibodies might alter development. Findings aim to explain the male-specific brain changes seen in prior antibody-exposure experiments.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: The human groups most relevant to this work are mothers who harbor anti-brain (anti-Caspr2) antibodies and families affected by autism, especially those with male children.

Not a fit: People whose autism is unrelated to maternal anti-brain antibodies or who do not have these antibodies are less likely to directly benefit from these findings in the near term.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could reveal a maternal antibody-driven pathway that helps explain why autism is more common in males and point toward prevention or treatment strategies for antibody-related autism.

How similar studies have performed: Previous preclinical studies, including work from this group, have shown that maternal anti-Caspr2 antibodies can produce male-specific structural and behavioral changes in offspring, so this builds on existing animal evidence.

Where this research is happening

Manhasset, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.