How inflammation flips memory killer T cells between protective and harmful roles

Inflammation-driven T Cell Responses and their Dichotomous Effect on Host Immunity

NIH-funded research Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center · NIH-11128808

This project looks at how inflammation can turn memory CD8 (killer) T cells into cells that either help clear infections and cancer or cause tissue damage for people with infections, autoimmune diseases, or cancer.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionFred Hutchinson Cancer Center NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Seattle, United States)
Project IDNIH-11128808 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

From my perspective as a patient, researchers are comparing two ways memory CD8 T cells get reactivated: by directly recognizing targets (TCR signals) or by inflammation-related chemicals (cytokines). They will study tissue-based immune responses using laboratory models and patient-derived samples to find the signals that switch these cells on and off. The team will measure molecules like granzyme B and interferon-gamma and observe effects on pathogen clearance, tissue damage, and healing. The work aims to pinpoint regulators that could be targeted to stop harmful inflammation while keeping protective immunity intact.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Adults with autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions, certain infections, or cancer who are willing to donate blood or tissue samples or attend clinic visits would be the most likely candidates to participate.

Not a fit: People without conditions involving CD8 T cell–driven inflammation or those unwilling to provide samples or travel for visits are unlikely to receive direct benefit from this project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could lead to therapies that prevent tissue damage from overactive T cells without undermining the immune system's ability to fight infections or cancer.

How similar studies have performed: Previous research has well described regulation of T cells reactivated through direct receptor signals, but controlling inflammation-driven 'bystander' activation is a newer area with limited prior therapeutic success.

Where this research is happening

Seattle, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-09 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.