How immune responses shape COVID's shift to regular circulation

Immunological drivers of the transition from epidemicity to endemicity of SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission LMIC setting

NIH-funded research Yale University · NIH-11285234

Researchers will compare different immune responses from infections and vaccines in people from a high-transmission community to see which types of immunity best prevent COVID infection.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionYale University NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (New Haven, United States)
Project IDNIH-11285234 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

This work follows a long-term cohort living in an urban slum community in Brazil to see how repeated infections and vaccinations change immunity over time. Investigators will collect blood and mucosal samples and measure antibody levels, the range of viral targets antibodies recognize, and mucosal immune responses. They will link those laboratory findings to who became infected during different waves and to each person’s vaccine and infection history. The goal is to explain which immune features keep the virus circulating at lower levels so public health choices can be better tailored.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are residents of the long-standing urban slum cohort in Brazil who have had prior COVID infection or vaccination and are willing to provide blood and mucosal samples and participate in follow-up.

Not a fit: People who do not live in the studied community or who cannot provide samples or attend follow-up visits are unlikely to benefit directly from this project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the results could help design vaccination and public-health strategies that better prevent infections and future surges in similar communities.

How similar studies have performed: Prior research shows serum antibodies and mucosal immunity matter for protection, but using long-term data from a high-transmission community to compare antibody magnitude versus breadth and mucosal responses is relatively novel.

Where this research is happening

New Haven, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-09 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.