How immune responses shape COVID-19's shift from outbreak to regular circulation

Immunological drivers of the transition from epidemicity to endemicity of SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission LMIC setting

NIH-funded research Yale University · NIH-11469885

This project looks at how different antibody and mucosal immune responses after infection or vaccination affect COVID-19 spread in people living in a crowded urban community.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionYale University NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (New Haven, United States)
Project IDNIH-11469885 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

You would join a long-running community cohort in a crowded urban neighborhood in Brazil where researchers have tracked infections since 2003. The team regularly collects blood and mucosal (nasal) samples and records people’s past infections and vaccinations. They measure how strong antibody levels are and how broadly those antibodies recognize virus variants, plus mucosal immune responses. Over time they compare who gets infected again to learn which immune patterns best protect people.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are people living in the high-transmission urban community in Brazil (including adults and children) who can provide blood and nasal samples and attend follow-up visits.

Not a fit: People seeking immediate clinical treatment for COVID-19 or those not living in or able to travel to the study community are unlikely to directly benefit from participating.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could help public health officials and clinicians focus vaccination and monitoring strategies on the types of immune responses that most reduce infection risk.

How similar studies have performed: Prior studies show antibodies and mucosal immunity matter for protection, but comparing the relative importance of antibody magnitude versus breadth in a high-transmission LMIC community over time is relatively new.

Where this research is happening

New Haven, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.