How human-only DNA switches shape brain development and growth signals

Roles for uniquely human enhancers in brain development and WNT signaling

NIH-funded research Duke University · NIH-11249156

This work looks at tiny human-specific DNA switches that change how the developing brain grows and how growth signals related to autism work.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionDuke University NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Durham, United States)
Project IDNIH-11249156 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers are studying short DNA regions called human accelerated regions (HARs) that act like switches to control genes during brain development. They compare human and non-human versions, use lab-grown human neural cells, and use mice engineered to carry the human enhancer to see how those switches change cell growth and wiring. The team focuses on a specific enhancer, HARE5, and its effect on nearby genes such as FZD8 and on WNT signaling, a pathway linked to brain size and neurodevelopmental conditions. Molecular assays and genetic analyses are used to connect sequence changes to cellular and anatomical changes.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: This is primarily lab-based, but it is most relevant to people with autism or families who might consider donating genetic or biological samples to related research at the institution.

Not a fit: People seeking immediate treatments or those without neurodevelopmental differences are unlikely to receive direct benefit from this basic science work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could clarify biological causes of autism and point toward new diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in the long term.

How similar studies have performed: Earlier experiments with humanized HARE5 in mice produced increased neural progenitors and brain growth, so parts of this approach have shown measurable effects though links to autism remain early.

Where this research is happening

Durham, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Autistic Disorder
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.