How HIV's front-end RNA controls virus packaging and protein production

NMR Studies of Retroviral Nucleic Acid Binding Proteins

NIH-funded research University of Maryland Baltimore County · NIH-11241987

The project looks at how tiny changes at the start of HIV's genetic message make the virus act either as a packaged genome or as a message for making proteins, which could matter for people living with HIV.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Maryland Baltimore County NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Baltimore, United States)
Project IDNIH-11241987 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

From my point of view, researchers are focusing on the 5′-leader region of HIV RNA and how small differences in transcription start sites (one, two, or three guanosines) change the RNA's shape and function. They use structural methods such as NMR and biochemical experiments to see how the RNA folds, hides its cap, dimerizes, and exposes sites that bind the viral Gag protein. The team also studies how a small number of Gag proteins are cooperatively recruited to a defined packaging signal to start virus assembly. By identifying the molecular switches that direct RNAs to become genomes vs. messages for protein production, they hope to reveal new points where antivirals might block virus formation.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People living with HIV, especially those willing to donate blood or viral samples for laboratory research, would be most relevant to this work.

Not a fit: Individuals seeking immediate changes to their clinical care or rapid therapeutic benefit should not expect direct personal benefit from this basic laboratory research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could reveal new targets to block HIV from packaging its genome and forming infectious virus particles.

How similar studies have performed: Previous NMR and structural biology studies have successfully identified important RNA and protein interactions in HIV, but turning those insights into new drugs has been limited so far.

Where this research is happening

Baltimore, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome VirusAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.