How HIV and cocaine affect brain immune cells (microglia)

Multimodal profiling of microglia during HIV infection and substance use disorder

NIH-funded research University of Pennsylvania · NIH-11369183

This project looks at whether cocaine helps HIV persist in brain immune cells and causes inflammation in people living with HIV.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Pennsylvania NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Philadelphia, United States)
Project IDNIH-11369183 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers are using a new lab method called HID-Seq that reads HIV DNA, HIV RNA, and the cell's gene activity from the same brain immune cell. This lets them tell which cells are actively making virus, which carry HIV but are not producing it, and which are uninfected. They will apply this approach to human brain tissues and related models to see whether cocaine exposure increases HIV expression and inflammatory signals in microglia and macrophages. The goal is to link HIV presence in brain immune cells to changes that may underlie neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People living with HIV—particularly those with a history of cocaine use or who can provide clinical information or tissue samples—are the most relevant group for this work.

Not a fit: People without HIV or without a history of substance use are unlikely to receive direct benefit from this specific project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could point to new targets to improve HIV treatment, protect the brain, and guide therapies for people with HIV who use cocaine.

How similar studies have performed: Single-cell RNA methods have previously revealed infected cell types, but HID-Seq's combined detection of integrated HIV DNA, HIV RNA, and host transcriptome in the same cell is a novel approach that is less-tested in human brain tissue.

Where this research is happening

Philadelphia, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome VirusAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.