How helper immune cells in lymph nodes develop after vaccination

Unraveling Human T Follicular Helper Cell Development

['FUNDING_R01'] · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · NIH-11258899

This project looks at how a type of immune helper cell in lymph nodes helps produce strong, long-lasting antibodies after vaccination, especially for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.

Quick facts

Phase['FUNDING_R01']
Study typeNih_funding
SexAll
SponsorWASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (nih funded)
Locations1 site (SAINT LOUIS, UNITED STATES)
Trial IDNIH-11258899 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this research studies

Researchers will take small, ultrasound-guided needle samples from draining lymph nodes at multiple times after vaccination to see which immune cells are active. They will profile individual T follicular helper (TFH) cells and nearby B cells using single-cell RNA sequencing to track how these cells change over months. The team will link those cell changes to antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The work expands earlier, smaller observations to more people to better understand how lasting antibody protection develops.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults who are receiving or recently received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and are willing to undergo serial, minimally invasive lymph node fine-needle sampling and blood draws.

Not a fit: People who are not getting the relevant vaccines, children if the study enrolls only adults, or anyone unable or unwilling to undergo lymph-node sampling are unlikely to directly benefit from participation.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the findings could help design vaccines or booster timing that produce stronger, longer-lasting antibody protection.

How similar studies have performed: Earlier small studies using lymph node aspiration and single-cell analysis have shown prolonged TFH and germinal center responses after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, and this project builds on and expands those findings.

Where this research is happening

SAINT LOUIS, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.

View on NIH RePORTER →

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.