How hair color and skin pigment affect melanoma risk

MITF from control of pigmentation to melanoma risk

NIH-funded research Massachusetts General Hospital · NIH-11323984

This work looks at how red-hair pigment may hide moles and raise melanoma risk, and whether changing pigment type could lower that risk.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionMassachusetts General Hospital NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Boston, United States)
Project IDNIH-11323984 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

From my perspective, researchers use mouse models that mimic human red hair and melanoma-linked mutations to show that red pigment (pheomelanin) can create “invisible” moles that are hard to see but may be more likely to turn into melanoma. They label pigment-producing cells with fluorescence so hidden lesions can be counted and compared between red-haired, dark-pigmented, and albino mice to understand how pigment type changes melanoma risk. The team will study both BRAF and NRAS mutations and expose models to UVA and chemical stressors to see how pigment affects spontaneous and induced melanoma formation. They will also test small molecules that might push pigment production toward darker eumelanin or otherwise reduce damage from pheomelanin, aiming to find ways to lower melanoma risk.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with red hair or very fair skin, numerous moles, or known BRAF/NRAS-related mole changes would be most relevant to this research.

Not a fit: People with darker skin whose melanoma risk is not linked to red-hair pigment, or patients seeking immediate treatment for existing melanoma, are less likely to benefit directly from this grant's lab-focused work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could help detect hidden moles in red-haired people and lead to new prevention or treatment approaches that lower melanoma risk by altering pigment-related biology.

How similar studies have performed: Previous genetic and laboratory studies have linked pheomelanin and red hair to higher melanoma risk and the investigators have reported related mouse findings, but clinical prevention strategies remain unproven.

Where this research is happening

Boston, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Cancer GenesCancer-Promoting GeneCancersCandidate Disease Gene
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.