How early hormones and gene switches shape male and female brains

Epigenetic Regulation of Sex Differences in the Brain

NIH-funded research Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory · NIH-11257719

This project looks at how early-life hormones and epigenetic gene changes shape brain differences that relate to autism and other mental health conditions.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionCold Spring Harbor Laboratory NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Cold Spring Harbor, United States)
Project IDNIH-11257719 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

This work uses mouse models to see how brief exposure to estrogen in newborn life changes gene activity and brain wiring in a region involved in social behavior. Scientists map where estrogen receptors bind, measure lasting epigenetic marks, and manipulate specific target genes to observe effects on adult social behaviors. The focus is on the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTp), a brain node that differs between males and females, to connect early molecular events to sex-biased behaviors. The goal is to explain biological reasons why autism and related conditions can differ between men and women.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with autism, parents of autistic children, or anyone interested in biological sex differences in neurodevelopment may find this research relevant to future treatments.

Not a fit: This is basic laboratory research in mice, so people seeking immediate changes to clinical care or direct treatment will not benefit directly from participation.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the results could reveal biological mechanisms behind sex differences in autism risk and point to targets or timing for future interventions.

How similar studies have performed: Prior animal studies show early hormones can reshape brain circuits and behavior, but directly linking specific estrogen target genes to sex-biased autism traits is relatively novel.

Where this research is happening

Cold Spring Harbor, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Autistic Disorder
Last reviewed 2026-06-10 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.