How COVID-19 vaccines trigger early immune responses

Systems biological assessment of innate responses to vaccination

NIH-funded research Stanford University · NIH-11388605

This project looks at how different COVID-19 vaccine types and the gut microbiome shape early immune responses in adults, including people with serious allergies.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionStanford University NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Stanford, United States)
Project IDNIH-11388605 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers at Stanford will compare immune signals triggered by mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (such as BNT162b2) and a Novavax vaccine that uses the Matrix‑M adjuvant. They will collect blood and other samples from adults, including people with significant allergies, and use systems-biology tools to map innate and adaptive responses. The team will also analyze participants' microbiome samples to see how microbes might influence vaccine immunity. Some samples come from a Novavax-sponsored trial in South Africa while other samples will be collected at participating sites.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Adults aged 21 and older who have received or are willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines and who can provide blood and microbiome samples (including people with serious allergic or atopic conditions).

Not a fit: Children under 21 and people who cannot provide samples or who are not receiving these types of COVID-19 vaccines would not directly benefit from participating.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could help make COVID-19 vaccines safer and more effective for different groups of adults, including people with allergies.

How similar studies have performed: Prior systems-biology studies have successfully revealed immune signatures for other vaccines, but applying these methods to mRNA and Matrix‑M adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccines and to people with serious allergies is relatively new.

Where this research is happening

Stanford, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.