How COVID-19 vaccines and infection shape B cell responses to the spike protein

Structural interrogation of vaccine- and infection-induced B cell responses

['FUNDING_R01'] · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · NIH-11256711

This project looks at which parts of the COVID-19 spike protein people's B cells target after vaccination or infection to guide better vaccines.

Quick facts

Phase['FUNDING_R01']
Study typeNih_funding
SexAll
SponsorICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI (nih funded)
Locations1 site (NEW YORK, UNITED STATES)
Trial IDNIH-11256711 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this research studies

From a patient's point of view, researchers will collect blood and tissue samples from people who were vaccinated or infected with SARS‑CoV‑2 to study their B cells. They will isolate circulating B cells (like plasmablasts and memory B cells) and tissue-resident germinal center B cells and determine where on the spike protein those cells bind. Using high-resolution structural methods such as cryo-electron microscopy, the team will make maps showing which spike regions are most commonly targeted. The goal is to understand patterns of immune focus (immunodominance) that could make vaccines more durable against variants.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are people who have received COVID-19 vaccines or had prior SARS‑CoV‑2 infection and who are willing to provide blood and possibly lymph node or tissue samples at the study site.

Not a fit: People seeking immediate medical treatment for COVID-19 or those unwilling/unable to provide samples should not expect direct health benefits from participation.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could help design vaccines that direct immune responses to parts of the spike that change less, improving protection against variants.

How similar studies have performed: Prior structural studies have successfully identified many neutralizing sites on SARS‑CoV‑2 and influenza, but combining human germinal center sampling with high-resolution epitope mapping to define immunodominance is relatively novel.

Where this research is happening

NEW YORK, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.

View on NIH RePORTER →

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.