How COVID-19 vaccines and gut microbes shape antibody responses

Systems biological assessment of B cell responses to vaccination

NIH-funded research Stanford University · NIH-11388612

This project compares antibody and B cell responses to two COVID-19 vaccines and looks at how gut microbes affect those responses in people who get vaccinated.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionStanford University NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Stanford, United States)
Project IDNIH-11388612 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers will analyze blood and immune cells from people who receive either the Pfizer–BioNTech mRNA vaccine or the Novavax protein vaccine to map antibody and B cell changes over time. They will use detailed laboratory techniques to track which B cell and plasma cell clones produce antibodies and how long those antibodies last. The team will also study participants' gut microbiome and link its features to stronger or weaker vaccine responses, and coordinate with related projects measuring innate and T cell responses. Finally, they will examine samples from people with severe allergic reactions or with anti-PEG antibodies to explore possible B cell contributions to rare vaccine-related anaphylactoid events.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal participants are adults eligible for the Pfizer–BioNTech or Novavax COVID-19 vaccines, including people with and without prior COVID-19 infection and those with histories of food allergy or suspected PEG-related reactions.

Not a fit: People who are not receiving these vaccines, children if the study enrolls only adults, or patients unable to provide blood or stool samples are unlikely to directly benefit from participating.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could help explain why some people make stronger or longer-lasting antibodies, guide better vaccine design, and clarify causes of rare severe allergic reactions.

How similar studies have performed: Many studies have characterized antibody responses to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, but combining deep B cell cloning, direct comparison with a protein vaccine, microbiome links, and focused study of PEG-related allergic responses is relatively novel.

Where this research is happening

Stanford, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.