How county incarceration affects access to addiction treatment and outcomes

County incarceration and substance use treatment need, availability, use, and outcomes.

NIH-funded research Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences · NIH-11468749

Researchers are looking at whether higher county jail and prison rates are linked to less available and used addiction treatment and worse outcomes for people with substance use problems.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionRutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Newark, UNITED STATES)
Project IDNIH-11468749 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

This project links county jail and prison data with health, treatment, and death records from every U.S. county between 2004 and 2023. The team will compare places with higher versus lower incarceration rates to see differences in overdose deaths, emergency visits, how many treatment programs exist, who enters care, and who completes or stays in treatment. They will use hospital, treatment admission, public health, and survey-derived measures to track patterns over time and across communities. The findings are intended to highlight where incarceration may contribute to gaps in local addiction treatment and where resources are most needed.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People with substance use problems living in U.S. counties—especially those who have been arrested, jailed, or otherwise involved with the criminal legal system—are the population this work focuses on.

Not a fit: People outside the United States, those without substance use issues, or individuals who are not represented in county administrative records (for example, some undocumented residents or people who never seek care) may not see direct benefit from this project.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the work could point to policies and resource changes that expand access to addiction treatment and reduce incarceration-related barriers to care.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies have linked criminal legal involvement to lower use of addiction treatments like medications for opioid use disorder, but this large, county-level, multi-year national linkage is more comprehensive and relatively novel.

Where this research is happening

Newark, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.