How Brucella enzymes weaken immune defenses

Defining the role of the Brucella TIR-NAD hydrolase activity in immunosuppression and pathogenesis

NIH-funded research University of Wisconsin-Madison · NIH-11324202

This research looks at whether enzymes made by Brucella bacteria break down a key molecule in immune cells and help the bacteria cause infections in people.

Quick facts

Grant typeR21 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Madison, United States)
Project IDNIH-11324202 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers will study bacterial TIR-domain enzymes that cut nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in immune cells to see how that changes immune signaling. In lab tests they will infect primary human-relevant immune cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) and measure NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine responses while tracking where the bacterial effectors go inside cells. The team will also use genetically altered Brucella strains with disabled enzyme activity and test their effects in mice to see whether the enzyme changes how well the bacteria cause disease. Results will combine cell-based activity, localization, and animal outcome data to link the enzyme activity to immune suppression and virulence.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People who have or are at high risk for brucellosis (Brucella infection) would be the most likely candidates to benefit from future therapies based on this work.

Not a fit: Patients with infections unrelated to Brucella or chronic conditions not driven by this bacterial mechanism are unlikely to benefit directly from these findings.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could reveal a new bacterial mechanism to block immunity and point to targets for drugs or vaccines against brucellosis.

How similar studies have performed: Laboratory work recently showed that some bacterial TIR enzymes can break down NAD+, but directly linking that activity to Brucella virulence in infected animals is a new direction.

Where this research is happening

Madison, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.