How babies learn to tolerate gut bacteria

Acceptance of non-self: Decoding intestinal immune tolerance during early life

NIH-funded research Sloan-Kettering Inst Can Research · NIH-11135519

The team looks at how special immune cells in babies help the body accept helpful gut bacteria so people may face less risk of inflammation or autoimmune problems later.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionSloan-Kettering Inst Can Research NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (New York, United States)
Project IDNIH-11135519 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

In early life the intestine is colonized by bacteria that teach the immune system what to tolerate, and failure to do so raises later risk of immune disease. Researchers will focus on a newly discovered group of antigen-presenting cells called Thetis cells that appear around weaning and may guide development of regulatory T cells. Using genetic models, lineage tracing, and advanced chromatin and cell sequencing methods, they will turn specific genes on or off and track how Thetis cells form and function. The goal is to define how these cells promote healthy immune tolerance during infancy.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Future human-facing parts would be most relevant to newborns or infants (and their families) willing to provide stool, blood, or clinical information, and to adults who can donate samples for comparison.

Not a fit: People seeking an immediate therapy or those with conditions unrelated to gut immune tolerance are unlikely to gain direct benefit from this laboratory-focused research now.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could reveal new targets or strategies to help infants build healthy gut immune tolerance and potentially prevent autoimmune or inflammatory diseases later in life.

How similar studies have performed: Prior work has shown regulatory T cells and the Aire gene matter for immune tolerance, but the specific Thetis cell lineage and their early-life role are a novel finding being explored here.

Where this research is happening

New York, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.