How a chemical tag on DNA-packaging proteins controls hidden HIV

Histone decrotonylation uniquely regulates HIV latency

NIH-funded research Univ of North Carolina Chapel Hill · NIH-11320801

Researchers are looking at whether changing a specific chemical tag on the proteins that package DNA can wake up hidden HIV in people living with HIV so viral reservoirs can be targeted.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniv of North Carolina Chapel Hill NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Chapel Hill, United States)
Project IDNIH-11320801 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

If you have HIV, this research looks at what keeps the virus tucked away in cells by focusing on a chemical mark called crotonylation on histone proteins. The team will use lab models of latent HIV and molecular tools to add or remove crotonylation and observe whether dormant virus becomes active, studying key proteins such as ENL and p300. While most of the work happens in the laboratory, the results could point to new approaches that later move into human trials to clear hidden HIV.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: People living with HIV who are on suppressive antiretroviral therapy and are interested in cure-related research or willing to provide blood or tissue samples would be the most relevant participants for follow-up studies.

Not a fit: People without HIV or those expecting immediate clinical treatment benefit should not expect direct personal benefit from this early-stage laboratory research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could identify new molecular targets to wake up and help clear hidden HIV reservoirs, a step toward cure strategies.

How similar studies have performed: Prior efforts using histone deacetylase inhibitors have not meaningfully reduced HIV reservoirs, so targeting crotonylation is a newer and less-tested approach.

Where this research is happening

Chapel Hill, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome VirusAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.