Early-life air pollution and children's brain development

Early Life Air Pollution Exposures as a Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders

NIH-funded research University of Rochester · NIH-11176833

This project looks at whether breathing tiny air pollution particles before and shortly after birth changes brain metal levels and inflammation in ways that could raise the risk of autism, ADHD, or related childhood brain disorders.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionUniversity of Rochester NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Rochester, United States)
Project IDNIH-11176833 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers expose newborn mice to concentrated ultrafine air pollution particles that mimic late-pregnancy exposure in humans and then measure behavior, brain metal levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. They will test whether metals carried on these particles (for example iron, copper, and sulfur) cause metal imbalance in the brain, trigger inflammatory damage, and lead to behavioral features similar to autism and ADHD, with attention to why males may be more affected. The team uses behavioral testing, brain chemistry and pathology, and molecular markers of ferroptosis and oxidative stress to trace how inhaled particles could produce neurodevelopmental changes. Results are intended to clarify relevance to people and point to potential prevention or treatment targets.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: This work is most relevant to expectant parents, infants, and families with children at risk for or diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, especially in areas with high air pollution.

Not a fit: Adults with long-established neurodevelopmental conditions or patients whose conditions stem purely from known genetic causes may not see direct benefits from this preclinical research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could identify specific pollutant metals and inflammatory pathways that raise the risk of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, guiding prevention efforts and new treatment strategies.

How similar studies have performed: Epidemiological studies and prior mouse experiments have linked air pollution to autism and ADHD-like outcomes, but the focus on pollutant-driven brain metal imbalance and ferroptosis is a newer and less-tested area.

Where this research is happening

Rochester, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Attention Deficit DisorderAutistic Disorder
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.